Dietary Supplements & Conventional Foods
There are two main types of claims used to market dietary supplements and conventional foods: structure/function claims and health claims. Structure/function claims describe the role of a nutrient, dietary ingredient, or food component in maintaining physical structure or function.
For example, you might see a product that says “calcium builds strong bones” on the label. This is an example of a structure function claim because it describes how calcium maintains bone strength. Structure/function claims for conventional foods focus on effects derived from nutritive value, while structure/function claims for dietary supplements may focus on non-nutritive as well as nutritive effects.
Health Claims describe the role of a nutrient, dietary ingredient, or food component in reducing risk factors for disease or disorders. For example, you might see something like “Calcium builds strong bones and may reduce the risk of osteoporosis” on the label. This is an example of a health claim because it describes how consuming calcium reduces your risk for osteoporosis (a disease).
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) requires that a manufacturer of a dietary supplement making a nutritional deficiency, structure/function, or general well-being claim have substantiation that the claim is truthful and not misleading.